Sri Lanka is a country blessed with natural abundance, where the soil is fertile, and the climate is conducive to agriculture. According to historical records and Buddhist teachings like the Mangala Sutta, residing in a region favorable for development and prosperity is considered a supreme blessing. Sri Lankans are fortunate to inherit a self-sufficient and resource-rich island. Yet, this privilege is often viewed as a challenge rather than an opportunity.
Agricultural Strengths Undermined
Sri Lanka’s agricultural sector accounts for approximately 7% of GDP and employs around 27% of the workforce. However, it is currently underutilized, plagued by inefficiencies, and burdened by over-reliance on chemical inputs. Data from the Department of Agriculture reveals that over 2.1 million hectares of arable land are available, yet much of it remains under productive due to inadequate policies and support.
The hardships faced by farmers—who provide food for the nation—are immense. These individuals work tirelessly under harsh conditions, often with minimal financial returns. Many struggle to cover production costs due to fluctuating market prices and limited access to resources. The tragic consequence? Reports show that over 1,000 farmers in Sri Lanka face severe debt each year, with some driven to extreme measures like suicide.
Hunger and Malnutrition in Sri Lanka
Despite being a historically self-sufficient nation, food security has declined. According to the 2023 Global Hunger Index, Sri Lanka ranks at 64 out of 121 countries, indicating moderate levels of hunger. Surveys by the World Food Programme suggest that 30% of households experience food insecurity, with children being disproportionately affected by malnutrition and stunting.
Mismanagement of Resources
The overuse of chemical fertilizers during the past decades has led to severe soil degradation, diminishing productivity across the country. A misguided ban on chemical fertilizers in 2021 further disrupted agricultural output, with rice production falling by 40% that year. Although the ban was later lifted, its effects linger, highlighting the need for balanced and sustainable agricultural policies.
Geopolitical and Economic Impacts
As Sri Lanka struggles with its $80 billion external debt, international loans often come with conditions that limit domestic policy flexibility. Farmers, already bearing the brunt of inflation and economic instability, find themselves further marginalized. This imbalance needs immediate correction through reforms that prioritize local agricultural development over dependency on imports.
What Needs to Be Done?
Empowering Farmers: Introduce policies to provide farmers with access to affordable credit, modern technology, and fair market prices.
Rejuvenating the Land: Promote organic farming and sustainable practices to rebuild soil fertility and reduce dependency on imports.
Community Gardens: Encourage every household to grow food in their own backyards, as seen during past crises. Such initiatives could save significant costs and strengthen local food chains.
Policy Focus: Shift political priorities to address food security as a human right, not a political tool. Decision-makers must act transparently to rebuild trust among the population.
A Call to Action
As Buddhist teachings remind us, “Hunger is the greatest illness.” It is unacceptable for any government or leader to ignore the struggles of its people. Ensuring food security should transcend politics. This responsibility lies not just with leaders but also with communities and individuals.
We are not a nation destined for hunger. If a single seed can grow in any corner of our fertile land, Sri Lanka has the potential to feed not only itself but also its neighbors. Let us return to our roots of self-reliance and create a future where every Sri Lankan enjoys the blessings of a full plate.
— Wepathaira Gunasiri Thero
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